Mediformatica - The Medical Informatics Portal

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Ad hoc

Ad hoc is a Latin phrase which means "for this purpose". It generally signifies a solution that has been custom designed for a specific problem, is non-generalizable, and cannot be adapted to other purposes.

Admission-discharge-transfer

(ADT)Subsystem of a Hospital Information System that provides the function of patient admission, discharge and transfer, and maintains the hospital cencus.

ADT

Admission Discharge Transfer

Ambulatory

Information system to deal with the care of outpatients.

Ancillary service

Service in a hospital or health care facility which is not part of the health care domain. Example: laundry, portage, catering, cleaning, stores.

Archive System

Archiving is the process of long-term storage and organization of data and documents. An archive is an off-line storage of patient data or other information, in a way that ensures the possibility to restore them on-line when needed.

Arden Syntax

The Arden Syntax is a syntax designed to facilitate the sharing of medical knowledge bases. In its present form the focus is on knowledge that can be represented as a set of independent modules that can provide therapeutic suggestions, alerts, diagnosis scores etc. Each module is called a Medical Logic Module (MLM), which is made up of slots grouped into maintenance, library and knowledge categories. [from Hripsack, et al, 1990]. The syntax has provisions for quering a clinical database and representing time. The syntax is based largely on HELP and the Regenstrief Medical Record System. The Arden Syntax is named after the Arden Homestead in Harriman New York State, where a meeting was held to address the sharing of medical knowledge.

Bayes

Bayes’ theorem: Theorem used to calculate the relative probability of an event given the probabilities of associated events. Used to calculate the probability of a disease given the frequencies of symptoms and signs within the disease and within the normal population. See also: Conditional probability, Prior Probability, Posterior Probability.

Bioinformatics

The use of techniques including applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry and biochemistry to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level.

biostatistics

Applied statistics in the medical and biological domains used to plan and interpret experiments and observations.

BMI

Body Mass Index

Body Mass Index

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to both adult men and women.

Calibration

The set of operations which establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values indicated by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference material, and the corresponding values of a quantity realized by a reference standard.

Case mix

Grouping of patients according to disease or procedure categories with homogeneous costs, following a scoring system using mean values by hospital, in relation with the means obtained from national statistics.

Chromosome

One of the physically separate segments that together forms the genome, or total genetic material, of a cell. Chromosomes are long strands of genetic material, or DNA, that have been packaged and compressed by wrapping around proteins. The number and size of chromosomes varies from species to species. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes (a pair has one chromosome from each parent). One pair forms the sex chromosomes because they contain genes that determine sex. The chromosome carrying the male determining genes is designated Y and the corresponding female one is the X chromosome. The remaining pairs are called autosomes. Chromosome 1 is the largest and chromosome 22 the smallest. Each chromosome has two ``arms'' designated p and q.

Clinical decision support

Computer system designed to help health professionals make clinical decisions

Clinical Informatics

Clinical Informatics is a sub-field of medical informatics. It focuses on computer applications that address medical data (collection, analysis, representation). Clinical informatics is a combination of information science, computer science, and clinical science designed to assist in the management and processing of data, information and knowledge to support the practice and delivery of clinical care.

Clinical Information System

Information system that manages clinical data to support patient care and Clinical Decision making.

Computational biology

The terms bioinformatics and computational biology are often used interchangeably, but Computational biology usually refers to hypothesis-driven investigation of a specific biological problem using computers, carried out with experimental and simulated data, with the primary goal of discovery and the advancement of biological knowledge.

Consumer health informatics

Consumer health informatics is the branch of medical informatics that analyses consumers’ needs for information; studies and implements methods of making information accessible to consumers; and models and integrates consumers’ preferences into medical information systems.

CPR

Computer-based Patient Record

Data warehouse

This vast database stores information like a data repository but goes a step further, allowing users to access data to perform research-oriented analyses.

Datum

Any single observation or fact. A medical datum generally can be regarded as the value of a specific parameter (for example, a patient) at a specific time.

Demographic Information

Information concerning population statistics such as birth date, birth place, sex, residence, etc. Collected and used for health care evaluation and planning purposes.

Dental informatics

It is the understanding, skills and tools that enable the sharing and use of information to promote oral health and improve dental practice, research, education and management. It encompasses electronic health records, CAD/CAM technology, diagnostic digital imaging and administrative information for all dentistry disciplines.

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